Unlike criminal matters and the policing of trades and markets, religious courts had no executive powers in matters of family law. Banking law and financial regulation set minimum standards on the amounts of capital banks must hold, and rules about best practice for investment. This is to insure against the risk of economic crises, such as the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Space law is a relatively new field dealing with aspects of international law regarding human activities in Earth orbit and outer space.
- In exceptional circumstances defences can apply to specific acts, such as killing in self defence, or pleading insanity.
- Public international law can be formed by international organisations, such as the United Nations , the International Labour Organisation, the World Trade Organisation , or the International Monetary Fund.
- Private law deals with legal disputes between individuals and/or organisations in areas such as contracts, property, torts/delicts and commercial
